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June 18th, 2008 - Charges Dropped Against Marine Officer

News article by the Los Angeles Times

News article by the San Diego Union-Tribune

Summary of the Haditha Massacre

Charges Dropped Against Marine Officer

A military judge dismisses the case against the highest-ranking officer accused in the killing of 24 Iraqis in Haditha in 2005.

 

By Tony Perry

Los Angeles Times

June 18, 2008

 

San Diego - A military judge at Camp Pendleton on Tuesday dismissed charges against Lt. Col. Jeffrey Chessani, the highest-ranking officer accused in the deaths of 24 Iraqis in 2005 in the town of Haditha.

 

Col. Steven Folsom, the judge, made his ruling in response to a motion from defense attorneys charging that undue influence was exercised on the convening authority in the case. Folsom dismissed the charges without prejudice, meaning the Marine Corps could refile them.

 

Defense attorneys had asserted that Gen. James N. Mattis, while he was the convening authority, was unfairly influenced by politicians, the media and a Marine lawyer in bringing charges against Chessani and seven other Marines. Mattis, grilled by defense lawyers, denied being influenced.

 

"The appearance of unlawful command influence is as devastating as actual manipulation of a trial," Folsom said.

 

A major point of contention was the defense assertion that Mattis erred by allowing Col. John Ewers to be present while the general discussed the Haditha case with prosecutors at several meetings. Ewers had been involved earlier with the preliminary investigation that led to a more thorough investigation by Naval Criminal Investigative Service agents.

 

Ewers testified that he did not speak to Mattis about Haditha and only attended the meetings because he had other cases to discuss with him. But defense attorneys said his presence at the meeting constituted undue influence.

 

The incident in Haditha occurred Nov. 19, 2005, after a roadside bomb exploded beneath a Humvee, killing a Marine and injuring two. Other Marines from Chessani's battalion killed five men outside their car and then 19 other Iraqis, including three women and seven children, while searching three nearby houses for insurgents.

 

Chessani was charged with dereliction of duty and failure to obey an order in not investigating the killings more thoroughly. He was the highest-ranking Marine officer to face charges from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

 

Chessani plans to retire but would be kept on active duty if charges were refiled.

 

Initially four enlisted Marines were charged with the killings and four officers with dereliction of duty or related counts. But the prosecution case, from the beginning, was hampered by contradictory testimony, skimpy forensics and the refusal of Iraqi witnesses to come to Camp Pendleton for the court proceedings out of fear for their safety.

 

Chessani is the third officer to have charges dropped. The only defendant whose case went to court-martial, Lt. Andrew A. Grayson, was found not guilty by a jury of seven officers. Charges were dropped against three of the four enlisted defendants in the case. Staff Sgt. Frank D. Wuterich, the squad leader who led the charge into the houses, still faces trial.

 

Chessani was on his third combat tour in Iraq. Devoted to his Marines, the normally mild-mannered Chessani was quoted by one witness during his preliminary hearing as shouting at one of his officers that he refused to think his men had committed murder.

 

The criminal cases might never have been filed except for an expose in Time magazine four months after the killings. Until then, the deaths had been considered a tragic byproduct of an attack on a Marine convoy by insurgents. Only when top brass learned the magazine was investigating did the military launch its own investigation.

 

Three senior officers - a two-star general and two colonels - received letters of censure for not investigating the incident further.

 

External link: http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/asection/la-fg-haditha18-2008jun18,0,6745785.story


Charges in Haditha killings thrown out

General's handling of case faulted by judge

 

By Rick Rogers

San Diego Union-Tribune

June 18, 2008

 

A military judge yesterday said the poor judgment of a prominent general prompted him to dismiss all charges against the highest-ranking Marine being court-martialed in the killing of civilians in Haditha, Iraq.

 

Col. Steven Folsom made his ruling in a courtroom at Camp Pendleton during a hearing for Lt. Col. Jeffrey Chessani. His decision not only marked the latest setback for prosecutors in the Haditha case, but it also set the military community abuzz because it's extremely unusual for a judge to second-guess a top general.

 

“It has never happened in the hundreds of cases I have tried or presided over as a staff judge advocate,” said David Brahms of Carlsbad, who was a senior legal officer in the Marine Corps during the late 1980s and works as a lawyer specializing in military affairs.

 

In December 2006, Lt. Gen. James Mattis decided to press charges against four Camp Pendleton Marines for killing 24 men, women and children Nov. 19, 2005, in Haditha. He also charged another four Marines for not properly investigating the incident.

 

The charges followed months of international outrage and concern over the Iraqis' deaths, including remarks from President Bush, Iraq's prime minister and senior military officials who stressed the importance of ethical behavior on the battlefield.

 

Yesterday, only one of those defendants, Staff Sgt. Frank Wuterich, still faced charges.

 

Folsom allowed the military to consider refiling charges against Chessani by Friday morning, but he banned any units linked with Mattis in the past two years from participating in the process.

 

Folsom ruled that Mattis acted wrongly in allowing Col. John Ewers, a subordinate who helped investigate Chessani and thus became a potential witness for the prosecution, to join deliberations about whether to file charges in the case. Folsom said the general created a real or perceived conflict of interest by doing so.

 

“Unlawful command influence is the mortal enemy of military justice. The appearance of unlawful command influence is as devastating as actual manipulation of a trial,” said Folsom, who described his ruling as drastic but necessary. “To restore public confidence ... we need to turn the clock back.”

 

When prosecutor Lt. Col. Sean Sullivan stood up to speak, Folsom told him to sit down. When Sullivan said he wanted to raise other issues, Folsom cut him short.

 

“Quite frankly, there are no other issues in the case,” Folsom said.

 

With a crack of the gavel, the hourlong hearing ended.

 

Mattis' oversight of the Haditha case was one of his many high-profile tasks at Camp Pendleton, where he was stationed between mid-2006 and late last year.

 

During that time, Mattis oversaw Marines at bases in California and Arizona as commander of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force. He also led the Marine Corps Forces Central Command, a job that required regular trips to Iraq, Afghanistan and other countries.

 

Now, as a four-star general, Mattis develops war strategies and plans combat exercises as head of the U.S. Joint Forces Command. He supervises more than 1 million service members, civil servants and contract employees in that role.

 

In addition, he is Supreme Allied Commander of Transformation for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The job's description includes making changes to NATO's military structures, forces and doctrines.

 

While scrutinizing details of the Haditha case, Mattis held two-to five-hour meetings at least once a week with assistants knowledgeable about the incident. One of those people was Ewers.

 

During a June 2 hearing at Camp Pendleton, Mattis testified that he neither sought nor received advice from Ewers concerning the Haditha killings.

 

“He never offered it, and I wouldn't have accepted any,” Mattis said.

 

Yesterday, Navy Capt. Denny Moynihan, a spokesman for the Joint Forces Command, said Mattis testified “under oath that he did not speak to (Ewers) about the case and was not influenced by him. He stands by his statement under oath.”

 

Folsom said he found it hard to fathom that “not one person in a room full of lawyers” stood up to tell Mattis that Ewers' presence during the strategy sessions suggested at least the appearance of undue command influence.

 

Chessani showed no emotion as the judge read his ruling. Outside the courtroom, defense attorney Brian Rooney spoke on behalf of Chessani and his wife, Alissa, who stood nearby.

 

“They are happy. Like all of us, they are cautiously optimistic,” Rooney said. “Essentially, the judge said that if they want to file charges, they have to start back at square one.”

 

Chessani, who wasn't at the site of the Haditha killings, was charged with not following a lawful order and dereliction of duty.

 

The Folsom decision sent ripples through the circles of military and legal analysts. Some talked about what circumstances could have led to the stunning ruling, while others pondered what it might mean for the military's legal system.

 

“First, this should not have happened,” said Tom Umberg, a former military prosecutor who is in private practice in Costa Mesa. “But people can become lax in terms of responsibility to the system or become intimidated and fail to voice their concerns.”

 

Eugene Fidell, president of the National Institute of Military Justice in Washington, D.C., said criminal investigations can create highly sensitive situations, such as fact-gatherers who later become involved in other phases of a case.

 

But that's when it's most important to pay attention to conflict of interest and other matters of legal propriety, he said.

 

“I think any time roles get confused, it has a terrible effect on the administration of justice,” Fidell added. “The whole goal of independent decision making is eroded.”

 

Brahms also wondered why Ewers didn't object to attending the strategy meetings with Mattis, saying that Ewers is one of the most experienced staff judge advocates in the Marine Corps.

 

“My concern is that people are going to look at this and say that the military justice process cannot be trusted,” Brahms said. “I think that is the wrong message, but it might be the one that is taken away.”

 

Yesterday's ruling could portend a full collapse for the prosecution of the Haditha case, which has seen generals drop charges against one defendant after another because of factors such as lack of evidence and plea deals in which the government exonerates a Marine in exchange for his future testimony.

 

Prosecutors have argued that Wuterich, the staff sergeant, led some members of his squad in attacking Iraqi civilians as revenge for a roadside bomb that killed one Marine and wounded two others.

 

The defendants said they couldn't avoid killing the civilians during a legitimate battle that broke out with insurgents after the blast. Wuterich's attorneys have hinted that they might also allege undue command influence.

 

“The question is, will there be different outcomes?” Brahms said. “I don't think people have the same stomach chasing after Chessani as they do Wuterich.”

 

External link: http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/military/20080618-9999-1n18haditha.html

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